Commencement: 10th June 1969

LAWS OF THE GILBERT ISLANDS
REVISED EDITION 1977

CHAPTER 35

FORESHORE AND LAND RECLAMATION

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
1. Short title
2. Interpretation
3. Declaration of ownership of foreshore and sea-bed and designation of foreshore
4. Minister may authorise undertaking
5. Not applicable to causeways and landing-places constructed by a public body
6. Extinguishment of rights
7. Limitation of claims
8. Jurisdiction over and determination of claims
9. Vesting of reclaimed land
10. Agreements relating to reclaimed land or works
11. Landowner's liberty to fill foreshore not to constitute a right
12. Savings
13. Regulations

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An Ordinance declaratory of the ownership of the foreshore and regulating certain reclamation projects

5 of 1969
3 of 1972
(Cap. 26 of 1973)
2 of 1974
26 of 1977

Commencement: 10th June 1969

Short title

1. This Ordinance may be citied as the Foreshore and Land Reclamation Ordinance.

Interpretation

2. In this Ordinance unless the context otherwise requires-

"foreshore" means the shore of the sea or of channels or creeks that is alternatively covered and uncovered by the sea at the highest and lowest tides;

"reclamation of land" or "reclamation" includes the construction of causeways, bridges, viaducts, piers, docks, quays, wharves, embankments, sea-walls, landing-places and other structures;

"sea-bed" means the bed of all territorial and inland tidal waters.

Declaration of ownership of foreshore and sea-bed and designation of foreshore

3. (1) Subject to the public rights of-

(a) navigation and fishing, and

(b) of passing over the foreshore, and

to any private rights that may exist in or over the foreshore or the sea-bed, the ownership of the foreshore and sea-bed vests in the Crown.

(2) The Minister may by notice (and after consultation with all those landowners who may be directly affected thereby) designate the foreshore of an island or islet or any part thereof for the purposes of this section and in this section "designated foreshore" means any foreshore or part thereof so designated.

(3) No person shall remove from a designated foreshore any sand, gravel, reef mud, coral, rock or other like substance without first having obtained from the Chief Lands Officer a licence for that purpose.

(4) A licence required by subsection (3) may be issued subject to such conditions as the Chief Lands Officer thinks fit.

(5) A person who contravenes subsection (3) or a condition subject to which a licence required by that subsection was issued shall be liable to a fine of $250.

Minister may authorise undertaking

4. (1) Subject to section 11(1) the Minister may, in accordance with this section, authorise the reclamation of land over and upon the foreshore or the sea-bed irrespective of the ownership of land bordering on or of whether any land borders on such foreshore or sea-bed.

(2) Notification of the proposed reclamation shall be published-

(a) in two successive issues of a government publication;

(b) by being broadcast on two successive days over the radio; and

(c) by posting at each police station on the island where the land is to be reclaimed.

(3) A notification under subsection (2) shall-

(a) describe the proposed reclamation and give the approximate area to be occupied in connection therewith; and

(b) call upon all persons having objections the reclamation or any claims of private right in respect thereof to submit to the Chief Lands Officer before the expiration of such period, being not less than 6 weeks, as may be specified in such notification, such objections or claims in writing specifying the nature thereof and giving an estimate of any loss which it is alleged would be incurred by reason of the extinguishment of any private right.

(4)	(a) Whenever claims or objections are submitted pursuant to subsection 3(b) and the Minister considers it expedient so to do, he may appoint one or more persons to hold an inquiry on such matters as he may set out in the terms of reference;

(b) Such person or persons shall keep or cause to be kept a record of any evidence taken at the inquiry and shall transmit the same together with a report of their findings to the Minister.

(5) The Minister may, after considering the proposed reclamation together with all objections and claims submitted and, where an inquiry has been held, the evidence taken by, and the report of the person or persons holding the inquiry, authorise such reclamation with or without modifications.

(6) A notification of such authorisation together with a description of the proposed reclamation shall be published at the Public Office of the Governor.

Not applicable to causeways and landing places constructed by a public body

5. Nothing in section 4 shall apply to the construction of causeways and of landing-places by, or on behalf of, the Government or local government councils.

Extinguishment of rights

6. Upon the publication of the authorisation of a proposed reclamation or upon the construction of a causeway or landing-place, all public and private rights of navigation or fishing and rights ancillary thereto, all public and private rights of access or user, and all other public or private rights (if any) in, upon or over the foreshore or sea-bed occupied by the proposed reclamation or by the causeway or land-places shall be extinguished and cease to exist.

Limitation of claims

7. (1) Save as provided by this Ordinance, no claim shall at any time be made, action brought or continued in respect of the extinguishment under section 6 in whole or in part of any public or private right, or in respect of the injurious affection, resulting from the reclamation, of any public right.

(2) Any person who submitted a claim of private right in accordance with section 4(4) may, within 3 months of the notification under section 4(6), submit a claim in respect of the extinguishment of such private right.

(3) Any person whose private right may have been extinguished by the construction of a causeway or landing-places may within 3 months of the completion of such causeway or landing-place, submit a claim for compensation in respect of the extinguishment of such private right to the public body responsible for the construction of the causeway or landing-place.

Jurisdiction over and determination of claims

8. (1) The magistrates' court where the value of the claim is not more than $3000, or in other cases, the High Court, shall hear and determine any claim for compensation under section 7 in the same manner as any civil action instituted in such court:

Provided that where a claim made under section 7 rests upon title liable to registration by the magistrates' court composed or deemed composed under section 7 of the Magistrates' Courts Ordinance, the claim shall not be entertained unless the title upon which it rests had been registered prior to the notification of authorisation under section 4 (6) or prior to the construction of the causeway or landing-place, as the case may be.
[Cap. 52]

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) the Minister or the local government council, as the case may be, may enter into an agreement with any claimant for the compromise or settlement of his claim.

Vesting of reclaimed land

9. (1) Subject to subsection (2) any land reclaimed otherwise than under section 11(1) shall vest in the Crown.

(2) Causeways and landing-places constructed by a local government council shall, subject to the right of the Minister to call for their surrender to the Crown at anytime, vest in that council.

Agreements relating to reclaimed land or works

10. The Minister may enter into an agreement with any person either before or after the completion of an undertaking for the sale, lease or the granting of any other rights over the reclaimed land or other works.

Landowner's liberty to fill foreshore not to constitute a right

11. (1) Without prejudice to any public or private rights that may be affected thereby, this Ordinance shall not apply to the filling by a landowner of the whole or any portion of the foreshore that borders on his land.

(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall be deemed to recognise or create any right or claim, or any greater right or claim than but for that subsection would exist and be recognised and enforceable by action in court.

Savings

12. (1) Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed to be in derogation of any of the powers, rights and prerogatives of the Crown.

(2) Nothing in this Ordinance shall affect section 28 of the Harbours Ordinance (which provides, inter alia, for the grant of a licence for the erection of boat-shed, wharves or landing-places in harbours), or any harbour works that may be constructed under that Ordinance.
[Cap. 40]

Regulations

13. The Minister may make regulations-

(a) prescribing the form of licence required by section 3(3) and the fees to be paid therefor;

(b) further to control the removal from the foreshore of any substance referred to in section 3(3).

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[Subsidiary]

SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION

Notices under section 3

For the purposes of section 3 of the Ordinance, there is designated all that stretch of foreshore form the north-eastern corner of Bonriki airstrip southward and westwards to the south-western corner of Temaiku Water Reserve, these points being marked A and B respectively on Plan number E. 16 deposited with the Chief Lands Officer.
L.N. 82/77

For the purposes of section 3 of the Ordinance there is designated all that stretch of foreshore form the western end of the Anderson Causeway at Nanikai westwards (on the southern side) to a point at Bairiki due west of survey control beacon U. T. 101, these points being marked A and B respectively on Plan number E. 17 deposited with the Chief Lands Officer.
L.N. 18/78

Notice under section 4(1)

The Governor in Council has authorised the reclamation of an area at Nanikai, South Tarawa, from the high water mark on the south or ocean side to a line between the end of a spit on the western side of Nanikai and the south-west corner of Nanikai village, being an area of approximately 10 acres in extent. The area so reclaimed will be set aside for light industrial, commercial and residential use.
L.N. 34/77

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