DC5033
Papua New Guinea
In the District Court
Held at Waigani
Sitting in its Committal Jurisdiction

Comm. Nos. 1151 - 1152 of 2019
BETWEEN:
THE POLICE
Informant

AND:
PHILEMON TUKI 

And 

KISA WALAMA
Defendants
Port Moresby: T. Ganaii, SM
2020: 26th October  

COMMITTAL PROCEEDINGS – One count of Deprivation of Liberty contrary to section 355(a) of the Criminal Code Act – Prima facie sufficiency of evidence to commit the defendants to stand trial in the National Court - Legal requirements for prima facie case - Presence of the elements of the charge 
COMMITTAL PROCEEDINGS – Evidence of touching the complainant without his consent, ordering him to surrender and move out of a shop although for a brief moment amounts to deprivation of liberty – Sufficient evidence to make out a prima facie case on the charge of Deprivation of Liberty 
Cases cited
Akia v Francis PGNC 335; N6555 
R-v- McEachern [1967-68] PNGLR 48
Maladina v Principal District Magistrate Posain Poloh [2004] PGNC 208
Yarume v Euga [1996] PGNC 24; N1476

Overseas Case
R v Awang [2004] 2 QLD R 672

Legislation
Criminal Code Act Chapter 262  
District Court Act, Chapter 40

Counsel
Police Prosecutor: Koniu Polon		 For the Informant
Mr Alois Jerewai					For the Defendant

RULING ON SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

26th October 2020

Introduction
Ganaii, SM .  	This is a ruling on whether a prima facie case is made out within the meaning of Section 95 (1) of the District Courts Act (DCA) where all the evidence of the Prosecution is received in the form of a Police Hand Up Brief (PHUB) and the Court is required to consider whether it is sufficient to put the defendant on trial. Defence submission is also considered in this ruling.

Charge
2.	The defendants are charged with one count each of Deprivation of Liberty under section 355 (a) of the CCA. The charge reads as follows:

On the 15th day of June 2019, at Uni Style Clothing Shop, Vision City Mega Mall, Waigani, NCD, the did unlawfully confine another namely Mathew Sisimolu in Uni Style Clothing Shop Vision City Mega Mall against his will .  

Facts 
3. 	According to the statement of facts contained in the PHUB, the complainant is known to the defendants and their other accomplice Mr Philip Kende and others unknown. They are all land owners from Southern Highlands Province and are associated with Petroleum Resources Gobe Ltd. The complainant was involved in the laying of a criminal charge of fraud against the defendant in 2006 where the defendant was arrested and charged for fraudulently obtaining monies. 

4.	On the on the 19th of June 2019, the complainant was in Uni Style Clothing at Vision City Mega Mall trying to purchase some clothing item. He was surrounded by the defendants Philemon Tuki and Kisa Walama and several others of their relatives including accomplice Philip Kende. They swore at him, held his hands without his consent, pushed him and demanded that he surrender so they will take him out of the shop. At that instant and for a brief moment  he was stopped from doing what he wanted to do. He realized he was under attack and so he alerted the security guards who went to his rescue. He went with the guards into the safety of their office and stayed there until his relatives came and he went with them.

Issue
5.	 The issue before this court is whether a prima facie case is made out and that is whether the evidence received from the prosecution is sufficient to warrant the committal of the defendant to stand trial at the National Court on the two information laid. 

6.	 The sub-issue is whether there is sufficient prima facie evidence on each elements of the two offences of Deprivation of Liberty under section 355 (a) of the CCA. 

The Law
The Law on Committal Proceedings

 7. 	Part VI of the District Courts Act (DCA) provides the legal basis for committal proceedings specifically under Section 94 to Section 100 of the DCA.

8. 	The Committal Process whilst requires the Court to make a finding on the evidence presented by the Police, this process is very administrative in that the Court need only to form an opinion that there is a bona fide prima facie case against the Defendant; as per Akia v Francis and R-v- McEachern.

9. 	In the matter of Maladina v Principal District Magistrate Posain Poloh 1is Honour Injia DCJ (as he then was); expressed in his opinion that the Committal process involves two phases, the first is when the Committing Magistrate makes a finding on whether or not there is sufficient evidence and whether a prima facie case is made out under Section 95 of the DCA on whether to discharge or commit the Defendant only after the Court administers an examination of a Defendant under Section 96 where the defendant is asked whether he desires to give evidence.
10.	 Furthermore, in the case of Yarume v Euga the National Court said in respect to committal hearings that the process of committal requires proper and reasonable assessment of the evidence with a view to see whether all the elements or ingredients of the offence is present before he can commit the accused; Section 94B, 94C, 95 and 100 to be read together.
The law on the offending provision(s)
355.	DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY.
A person who unlawfully—
(a)	confines or detains another in any place against his will; or
(b)	deprives another of his personal liberty,
is guilty of a misdemeanour.
Penalty:	Imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years.

Elements
11.	In  the case of R v Awang  [2004] 2 QLD R 672, Williams JA stated  the terms ‘confines’, ‘detains’, ‘deprives’ and ‘liberty’ should be given their ordinary and natural meaning.  He stated that  most opposite meaning of ‘liberty’ was ‘the condition of being able to act in any desired way without  restraint or power to do so as one likes’. He went on to state that to ‘deprive’ includes the denial of enjoyment of something and ‘detain’ has a variety of meaning including ‘keep in a confinement’,  ‘hold back’, ‘delay’ and ‘stop’. 

Prosecution Case
12.	 To prove its case the Prosecution produced twelve (12) witness statements. The witness statements are of:

(1)	Mathew Sisimolu– who is the main complainant. His evidence is that the defendant and others took him away and held him against his will on two different occasions. The first alleged incident happened on the 30th of June 2006 and the second incident occurred on the 19th of June 2019.  

(2)	Sange Kerire – who is the complainant’s nephew. His evidence is that he was with the complainant at Vision City Mega Mall when the defendant and others surrounded the complainant, assaulted him and pushed him out of  the store. 

(3)	 Jeffery Tomo – who is the security officer at Vision City who rescued the complainant. 

(4)	 Steven Eiyu  – who is the security officer at Vision City who rescued the complainant. 

(5)	Israel Jimmy  – who is the security officer at Vision City who rescued the complainant

(6)	Randy Moses – who is the security officer at Vision City who rescued the complainant

(7)	Paul Kiripe – who is a cousin of  the complainant. He  stated that he was with the defendant and he heard the defendant say that he will kill the complainant..  

(8)	Akoa Mike Pialia – who is the elder brother of the complainant. His statement is about how he was with the complainant at his house on the 3th of June 2006 when the defendant and others took the complainant away against his will. 

(9)	Sevanaia Koroi – who is the Security Manager for Vision City Mega Mall. He statement is about obtaining the CCTV footage in the Uni Style Clothing Shop and handing it to the case investigating officer.  

(10)	Lazarus Ikamata – who is a Police Officer involved in the conduct of the Police interview with the defendant as the interviewer. 

(11)	Bradley Murrie – who is a Police Officer involved in the conduct of the Police interview with the defendant as the corroborator.

(12)	Gilford Avenoma - who is a Police Officer involved in investigations, arrest and charging of the defendant.  

Documentary Evidence
13.	Police rely on the following documentary evidence:

a)	Record of Interview, in pidgin and English Language – both defendants remain silent

b)	Incident Report by complainant to the  Security Manager  of  Vision City Mega Mall requesting the CCTV footage . 

c)	Letter by Police to the  Security Manager  of  Vision City Mega Mall requesting the CCTV footage . 

d)	Photographs. They include:

-	13 x photos depicting where the complainant was approached at Vision City Mega Mall

-	4 x photographs depicting the scene of alleged first offence of deprivation at the complainant’s home and 

-	9 x photographs taken from CCTV footage at Vision City Mega Mall 

e)	Antecedent Report – Except for details on defendant’s origin and personal particulars, this document is not considered for now.

Defence Submission
14.	 Defence made submissions relying on a typed submission filed on the 17th of August 2020. A summary of their submission is as follows:

a)	The CCTV footage does not show deprivation of liberty but a simple assault by unlawful touching or an attempt to hold the complainant’s arm for whatever reasons. The defendant appears to be demanding the complainant to go out of a shop in a ‘menacing manner’. Upon intervention by the Security Officers, a simple offence of assault only would have been committed and so the second alleged offence of Deprivation of Liberty does not stand. 
Prosecution Submission:
15.	Prosecutions submitted as follows:

a)	From the period of time when the complainant was approached, held against his will, sworn at, threatened and commanded to comply with the defendants’ orders to the time the security officers intervened, he was deprived of  his liberty to think and move freely;

b)	The defendants’ actions were done without lawful excuse or justification and

c)	There are sufficient supporting evidence from five others witnesses.

Analysis of the Evidence and Consideration of Defence Submission:
16.	In response to the submissions and the court’s analysis of the evidence, the court responds in the following manner:

a)	I find that for the brief moment that the complainant was stopped, ordered to surrender, held on his hands and pushed out of the shop, his liberty was taken away from him. The expression in the case of   R v Awang  where Williams JA stated  the terms ‘confines’, ‘detains’, ‘deprives’ and ‘liberty’ should be given their ordinary and natural meaning. The manner in which the complainant was approached, spoken at and held and pushed amounts to deprivation. When the complainant’s liberty was deprived by the defendants’ actions and words so that the complainant is not free to do so as he desires or wishes, before the security guards came to his rescue, that amounts to deprivation. The simple acts of stopping the complainant from doing what he wished to do, holding him back or pushing him out so that he is delayed or denied from doing what he wanted to do amounts to deprivation of personal liberty. 

b)	Court is therefore satisfied that there is a prima facie case made out against the defendants on the evidence contained in the PHUB on the charge against both defendants.  

Conclusion
17.	Upon a requirement  under Section 95 (1) of the DCA to make a determination on whether there is some evidence on each element of the offence to make out a prima facie case against the defendant to warrant his committal to the National Court and that  is whether there is sufficient evidence on each element of the offence contained in the PHUB to warrant a committal on each charge as per the Information, I find sufficient prima facie evidence that Mr. Philemon Tuki and Mr Kisa Walama  did commit the alleged offence of Deprivation of Liberty  under section 355 (a) of the CCA. Consequently, I form a bona fide opinion that there is sufficient evidence against the defendant in order to commit him to stand trial.

Administration of Section 96
18.	After the requirements of section 96 were explained to the defendants which they both understood, through their lawyer, they both opted to remain silent.

19. 	The ruling on prima facie sufficiency of evidence is intact. There is sufficient prima facie evidence to make out a case against both defendants on one count each of Deprivation of Liberty. 

Final Orders
20.	The court’s final orders are:
1.	There is sufficient prima facie evidence to commit both defendants to stand trial in the National Court on one count each of Deprivation of Liberty under section 355 (a) of the CCA;

2.	Both defendants are committed to stand trial in the National Court on one count each of Deprivation of Liberty under section 355 (a) of the CCA;;

3.	Both defendants are to appear at the Waigani National Court, Criminal Listings on Monday 23rd  of November 2020 at 9:30 am; 

4.	Both defendant’s District Court bail are extended on same conditions and 

5.	 Both defendants are to appoint two guarantors who shall file affidavits and appear at the National Court Criminal Listings for bail review. The Guarantors are required to sign Certificates of Guarantors at the National Court.

Police Prosecution 			For the Informant
Jerewai Lawyers 				For the Defendant