SAMOA

DENTAL PRACTITIONERS ACT 2007

Arrangement of Provisions

PART I
PRELIMINARY

1. Short title and commencement 
2. Interpretation 
3. This Act binds the State 
4. The practice of dentistry 

PART II 
THE DENTAL COUNCIL

5. Dental Council 
6. Secretary of the Council 
7. Meetings of the Council 
8. Functions and Powers of the Council 

PART III 
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

9. Professional standards to be determined by the Council 
10. Professional standards applying to other healthcare professionals to be taken into account

PART IV 
REGISTRATION OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS

11. Qualifications for registration 
12. Applications for registration 
13. Council to consider applications 
14. Decisions of the Council 
15. Certificate of registration 
16. Annual practising certificates 
17. Temporary practising certificates

PART V 
DISCIPLINE OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS

18. Disciplinary procedures applying to dental practitioners 
19. Re-Registration

PART VI 
ALLIED DENTAL PROFESSIONALS

20. Regulation of dental therapists, hygienists and technicians

PART VII
OFFENCES

21. Unlawful practice as dental practitioner 
22. Wrongfully purporting to be a dental practitioner 
23. Wrongfully procuring registration

PART VIII 
MISCELLANEOUS

24. No action may lie against the Council etc. 
25. Fees 
26. Regulations 
27. Repeal 
28. Transitional and savings provisions 

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2007, No. 11

AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a reformed Dental Council, for the professional administration of the dental profession in Samoa and for the determination and enforcement of professional standards and requirements applying to dental practitioners and for related matters. 
[15th February 2007] 

BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament assembled as follows: 

PART I 
PRELIMINARY

1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the Dental Practitioners Act 2007. 

(2) This Act shall commence on a date nominated by the Minister. 

(3) Notice of commencement of this Act shall be published in Samoan and English in the Savali and one other newspaper circulating in Samoa. 

2. Interpretation-

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires –

"allied dental professional" means any worker in the field of dentistry regulated under Part VI; 

"Chairperson" 	means the Chairperson of the Council, and includes any member of the Council appointed as a temporary chairperson; 

"Chief Executive Officer" means the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of Health; "Council" means the Dental Council established under section 5; 

"Dental practitioner" means a person qualified to be registered under section 11 of this Act and in accordance with the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act; 

"ex officio member" means a member who holds office on the Council by reason of being the holder of the designated office, and who shall have full power to vote as a member of the Council; 

"Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act" means the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act 2007; 

"Minister" means the Minister responsible for the Ministry from time to time; "Ministry" means the Ministry of Health established pursuant to the Ministry of Health Act 2006; 

"National Health Service" means the National Health Service established under the National Health Service Act 2006; 

"private practice" means the practice of dentistry by dental practitioners who are not employed by the Government to undertake the practice of dentistry on a full time basis; 

"professional standards" includes standards of professional conduct, requirements and supervision arrangements; 

"Register" means any of the registers of Dental Practitioners kept by the Registrar in accordance with the provisions of the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act; 

"registered persons" means persons registered as dental practitioners under this Act; 

"Registrar" means the Registrar of Healthcare Professionals appointed under the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act; 

"Secretary" means the Secretary of the Council. 

(2) Where any office referred to in this Act later ceases to exist, the Chief Executive Officer may determine the appropriate office most approximating the office referred to. and that office shall be deemed to be substituted for the office ceasing to exist. 

3. This Act binds the State - This Act binds the State. 

4. The practice of dentistry - For the purpose of this Act the practice of dentistry includes –

(a) the treatment of any disease, deficiency or lesions on or of the teeth or jaw; 

(b) the treatment of trauma and physical damage to the teeth, the jaw and soft tissue attached to or surrounding teeth or the jaw; 

(c) the performance of any operation in relation to the matters described in paragraphs (a) and (b); 

(d) the corrections of malpositions of teeth and jaws; 

(e) the fabrication of dental prothesis and dental appliances; 

(f) the administration of anaesthesia in connection with any operation on the teeth, jaws and soft tissue attached to or surrounding teeth or the jaw; and 

(g) the provision of any support service in relation to any of the matters stated in paragraphs (a) – (f). 

PART II 
THE DENTAL COUNCIL

5. Dental Council-

(1) A Dental Council is hereby established and shall assume the responsibilities of the Dental Council established under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975. 

(2) The Dental Council shall be a body corporate and may – 

(a) enter into contracts; 

(b) hold property; 

(c) maintain bank accounts; and 

(d) sue and be sued in the name of the Council. 

(3) The members of the Dental Council shall be: 

(a) the Chief Executive Officer, who shall be an ex officio member; 

(b) the General Manager of the National Health Service, who shall be on ex officio member; 

(c) four (4) dental practitioners appointed by the Samoa Dental Association (Inc) (of whom at least one (1) shall be a dental practitioner in private practice); and 

(d) two (2) members of the community appointed by the Minister who have skills which in the opinion of the Minister, after consulting with the Council, may assist the deliberations of the Council. 

(4) The members of Council shall appoint a member of the Council to be Chairperson, and may vote on one occasion each calendar year to change the appointment of the Chairperson: PROVIDED THAT in the absence or unavailability of the Chairperson, the Council may appoint another member of the Council to chair a meeting of the Council where the chairperson is absent or unavailable. 

(5) The members of the Council shall hold office for a period of 3 years, and shall be eligible for re-appointment. 

(6) The Council may vote to remove a member of the Council on the grounds of -

(a) inability to perform their functions and duties under this Act due to a physical or mental incapacity; 

(b) bankruptcy; 

(c) neglect of duty; 

(d) misconduct in office; 

(e) misconduct elsewhere affecting or likely to affect the operations or reputation of the Council; 

(f) failure to disclose and take all reasonable steps to avoid any real or apparent conflicts of interest in relation to their membership of the Council; 

(g) using information belonging to or under the control of the Council other than for the Council’s functions; 

(h) failure to act with integrity as a member of the Council; 

(i) misuse of their status or authority as a member of the Council to seek or obtain a benefit for themselves or any other person or body; 

(j) departure from Samoa for a period exceeding 6 months unless the Council has approved the period of absence; 

(k) failure to attend 3 consecutive meetings of the Council without submitting an apology to Council for the member’s absence: 

(l) in the case of a member of the Council who is a dental practitioner, professional misconduct or breach of the professional standards approved for dental practitioners in accordance with this Act. 

(7) The office of any member of the Council shall become vacant if the member – 

(a) is removed from office under subsection (6); or 

(b) dies; or 

(c) resigns from the Council by giving written notice to this effect to the Secretary - and the office of the member may then be filled in the manner which originally applied to the appointment of the member. 

(8) Each member of the Council shall be paid from the funds of the Ministry, such remuneration and allowances as are approved by Cabinet from time to time for members of Government Boards and Committees. 

6. Secretary of the Council-

(1) The Council shall appoint one of its members to be Secretary to the Council. 

(2) The Secretary shall be responsible for liaising with the Registrar to ensure the effective implementation of the provisions of this Act and the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act. 

(3) The Secretary shall not give any written notice or direction to the Registrar relating to the registration or discipline of a dental professional, or the determination of professional standards applying to Dental Practitioners unless - 

(a) the Secretary is authorised to do so by the Council; and 

(b) the notice or direction is in accordance	 with the provisions of this Act and the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act. 

7. Meetings of the Council-

(l) The Chairperson or the Registrar may request the Secretary to convene a meeting of the Council and shall ensure that the Council meets at least once every calendar year. 

(2) The Secretary shall convene a meeting of the Council if requested in writing to do so by at least 3 members of the Council. 

(3) The Council may request assistance from the Registrar in relation to the convening of Council meetings, the recording of Council proceedings and the ability of the Council to access any necessary technical or legal advice. 

(4) At any meeting of the Council at least half plus one of the members of the Council holding office shall constitute a quorum. 

(5) At every meeting of the Council the Chairperson shall have a deliberative vote and, in the case of an equality of votes, the Chairperson shall also have a casting vote. 

(6) Every question before a meeting of the Council shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present at the meeting. 

(7) Except as otherwise provided in this Act or in any regulations, the Council may regulate its procedures as it thinks fit. 

(8) Resolutions of the Council may be approved if – 

(a) a copy of all relevant papers together with a draft resolution are provided to all members of the Council by the Secretary; and 

(b) at least half plus one of the members indicate their consent to the resolution in writing, or by facsimile or email transmission. 

8. Functions and Powers of the Council-

(1) The functions of the Council are to –

(a) administer the procedures applying to the registration and discipline of Dental Practitioners as provided for by this Act and the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act; 

(b) determine the qualifications and experience necessary for registration as a dental practitioner; 

(c) determine any qualifications and experience necessary for a dental practitioner to be in private practice or work for the National Health Service; 

(d) determine the requirements for continuing education to be undertaken by registered persons; 

(e) determine the professional standards applying to dental practitioners and the practice of dentistry in Samoa; 

(f) bring the professional standards to the attention of registered persons in any manner that the Council thinks fit; 

(g) assist the Registrar to effectively monitor and enforce the approved professional standards and notify the Registrar of suspected breaches for investigations to be undertaken; 

(h) advise the Ministry and the National Health Service and other Government agencies in relation to matters related to the practice of dentistry and the provision of dental services in Samoa; 

(i) assist the Ministry and the National Health Service to develop, monitor and enforce policies relevant to the practice of dentistry and the provision of dental services in Samoa; 

(j) determine certain	 professional rights of dental practitioners relevant to the performance of their practice of dentistry; 

(k) assist in the resolution of disputes which may arise between or amongst dental practitioners; and 

(l) develop and implement arrangements for the regulation and supervision of dental therapists, hygienists and technicians. 

(2) The Council may exercise any power – 

(a) prescribed by this Act, the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act and any applicable law; and 

(b) which is necessary or incidental to any function, duty or responsibility of the Council provided for in this Act, the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act and any applicable law. 

PART III 
PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

9. Professional standards to be determined by the Council-

(1) The Council shall –

(a) determine the professional standards to be observed by dental practitioners; 

(b) determine any specific professional standards to apply to dental practitioners in private practice or working for the National Health Service; 

(c) determine matters relevant to the responsibilities of dental therapists, hygienists and technicians, and the supervision of their work by dental practitioners; 

(d) ensure that the professional standards approved under this section –

(i) are consistent with the proper and effective administration and operation of hospitals and the provision of dental and medical services to the public; 

(ii) reflect matters of Government policy and administrative practice relating to the provision of dental and medical services as advised from time to time by the Ministry; and 

(iii) ensure that the dental services provided to all persons in Samoa meet accepted international standards and are consistent with the human rights applying to all persons in Samoa; 

(e) review the approved professional standards, and make necessary amendments to them – 

(i) at least once every calendar year; and 

(ii) when a specific request to do so is made by the Chief Executive Officer; 

(f) liaise with the Registrar when professional standards are being determined or changed to ensure that the requirements of paragraph (d) are met; 

(g) notify the Registrar of the approved professional standards or the changes to them; and 

(h) take appropriate action to monitor and enforce the professional standards, in accordance with the requirements of this Act. 

(2) The Council may adopt the professional standards applying to Dental Practitioners in any other country as the professional standards to be observed by dental practitioners in Samoa. 

(3) The Council may establish a committee to deal with matters relevant to professional standards and may delegate to that committee any of its functions, powers and responsibilities concerning professional standards. 

10. Professional standards applying to other healthcare professionals to be taken into account – In consultation with the Registrar, the Council shall ensure that the professional standards determined under section 9, and by other Councils relating to the work of healthcare professionals, take account of the role of other healthcare professionals affecting the work and duties of dental practitioners and allied dental professionals. 

PART IV 
REGISTRATION OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS

11. Qualifications for registration-

(1) To be eligible for registration as a dental practitioner, a person must – 

(a) have a degree in dentistry from an educational institution recognised by the Council; 

(b) be of good character and reputation; and 

(c) have undertaken such practical experience in the practice of dentistry as the Council may require. 

(2) It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to satisfy the Council of the requirements for registration stated in subsection (1), and the Council may defer any decision until the applicant provides sufficient details or verification of – 

(a) the courses or courses undertaken by the applicant for the obtaining of the relevant degree and the academic record of the applicant; 

(b) any required practical experience in the practice of dentistry; 

(c) any matter relevant to the applicant undertaking private practice or working for the National Health Service; 

(d) any current registration to practice dentistry in Samoa or elsewhere held by the applicant; 

(e) any current eligibility for the practice of dentistry held by the applicant, including compliance with any requirement to undertake continuing education; 

(f) the identity, age, good character and reputation of the applicant; and 

(g) any disciplinary action taken against the applicant as a dental practitioner in Samoa or elsewhere. 

(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, any person who was registered as a dental practitioner under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975 immediately prior to the commencement of this Act shall be entitled to registration as a dental practitioner under this Act. 

12. Applications for registration

(1) Every application for registration as a dental practitioner shall be – 

(a) made in writing to the Secretary in a form approved by the Council; 

(b) accompanied by the application fee; 

(c) accompanied by two recent references as to the applicant’s good character, reputation and professional competence given by dental practitioners of good standing (whether in Samoa or elsewhere); and 

(d) accompanied by evidence to the satisfaction of the Council of the matters referred to in section 11. 

13. Council to consider applications-

(1) In relation to each application for registration, the Secretary shall confirm that the requirements of section 12 have been complied with, and upon being so satisfied, the Secretary shall refer the matter to Council as soon as is practicable. 

(2) When considering any application for registration, the Council may – 

(a) require the applicant to be interviewed by one or more members of Council nominated by the Council; 

(b) require the applicant to appear before the Council to be examined on oath, which may be administered by the Chairperson; 

(c) give any direction to the Secretary to verify any matter relevant to the application or seek any further information relevant to it; and 

(d) require any person to verify by statutory declaration any aspect of the application. 

14. Decisions of the Council-

(1) In relation to any application for registration considered by Council, the Council may –

(a) defer the consideration of the application until – 

(i) the applicant has provided any further information or any verification required by Council; 

(ii) the applicant has complied with a requirement made by Council under section 13 (2); or 

(iii) any person required by Council to provide verification of any matter by statutory declaration has done so; 

(b) approve the application; 

(c) permit the applicant to be provisionally registered if the Council is satisfied that the applicant is otherwise qualified to be registered but lacks sufficient practical experience in the practice of dentistry; or 

(d) refuse the application. 

(2) A person who is permitted to be provisionally registered under subsection (1)(c) may be employed or permitted to practise dentistry in an approved hospital or other health care service for such period as the Council considers necessary for the applicant to acquire the practical experience needed for registration. 

(3) The Secretary shall advise the applicant in writing of any decision made by Council as soon as is practicable. 

(4) Where an application has been approved for registration or provisional registration, the Secretary shall advise the Registrar that Council has authorised the registration of the applicant, and shall provide such information as may be required by the Registrar to properly maintain the register. 

15. Certificate of registration - Upon entry into the register, the registered person shall be entitled to receive a Certificate of Registration issued by the Registrar. 

16. Annual practising certificates-

(1) Every registered person shall in every year pay the prescribed fee to the Secretary for the issue of an annual practising certificate. 

(2) Each practising certificate shall – 

(a) be in the form approved by the Council; 

(b) expire on the 31st day of December in the year for which it is issued; and 

(c) be issued by the Registrar or the Secretary in accordance with any arrangement made between the Council and the Registrar. 

(3) The approved form of a practising certificate shall indicate whether the dental practitioner is entitled to a right to private practice or to work for the National Health Service, as the case may require. 

(4) The Council may determine that the entitlement to a practising certificate is conditional upon the registered person undertaking or agreeing to undertake any course or courses of continuing education approved by the Council. 

17. Temporary practising certificates-

(1) Notwithstanding any provision of this Act to the contrary, the Council may cause to be issued to a person who has made an application for registration under this Act a temporary certificate of permission to practise dentistry in accordance with any conditions imposed by the Council and noted on the certificate. 

(2) A temporary practising certificate may be issued under this section to an applicant who is undertaking a course of relevant study outside Samoa and who – 

(a) submits an application to do practical training in a hospital or other health care service in Samoa; 

(b) is accepted to do the practical training by the National Heath Service; and 

(c) undertakes to work in accordance with any direction given by the Council or the National Health Service. 

(3) A certificate issued under this section may not remain in force for a period of more than 3 months from the date of its issue but may be renewed for a further period of no more than 3 months at a time by the Council. 

(4) The Council may cancel a certificate issued under this section for any reason and at any time during its currency. 

PART V 
DISCIPLINE OF DENTAL PRACTITIONERS

18. Disciplinary procedures applying to dental practitioners-

(1) Disciplinary action may be taken against a dental practitioner for –

(a) any breach of the professional standards; 

(b) any act or omission by the dental practitioner in the course the dental practitioner’s work which negligently, carelessly, unreasonably, unethically or recklessly places the life or health of any person at risk; 

(c) any criminal offence committed by the dental practitioner which is in any way associated with the work or duties of the dental practitioner; or 

(d) any breach or failure to observe a direction given or requirement imposed by any person empowered by law or contract to give directions or impose requirements on the dental practitioner which relate to the work or duties of the dental practitioner. 

(2) All disciplinary action taken by the Council against dental practitioners shall be in accordance with the procedures prescribed in Part V of the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act. 

19. Re-registration - Where the registration of any dental practitioner is refused or revoked by Council or a Disciplinary Committee under the Healthcare Professions Registration and Standards Act, the Council shall not be obliged to consider any further application by that person for registration under this Act for a period determined in each case by Council, which shall be a period of not less than 2 years following the refusal or revocation. 

PART VI
ALLIED DENTAL PROFESSIONALS

20. Regulation of dental therapists, hygienists and technicians - The Head of State, acting on the advice of Cabinet, may make regulations relating to dental therapists, hygienists and technicians, including but not limited to – 

(a) the duties and responsibilities which may be performed by dental therapists, hygienists and technicians; 

(b) the recognised qualifications and experience for persons to be regarded as dental therapists, hygienists and technicians; 

(c) the recognition and enforcement of standards and requirements determined by Council to apply to dental therapists, hygienists and technicians; 

(d) the disciplinary procedures applying to dental therapists, hygienists and technicians; 

(e) the penalties which may be imposed on dental therapists, hygienists and technicians for disciplinary breaches; and 

(f) offences and penalties relating to the work of dental therapists, hygienists and technicians, and by persons purporting to hold such positions or perform the duties of allied dental professionals without legal authority. 

PART VII 
OFFENCES

21. Unlawful practice as a dental practitioner-

(1) No person shall practise as a dental practitioner or carry on business as a dental practitioner in Samoa, unless – 

(a) the person is registered as a dental practitioner in accordance with this Act and the Healthcare Professions Regulation and Standards Act; and 

(b) the person is holding a current practising certificate under this Act -

PROVIDED THAT a person who is practising dentistry in accordance with a temporary practising certificate issued under section 17 may do so without registration. 

(2) Any person who breaches subsection (1) commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years or to a fine not exceeding 100 penalty units, or both. 

22. Wrongfully purporting to be a dental practitioner -Every person who describes themselves or holds themselves out to be a dental practitioner without being registered under this Act and holding a current practicing certificate commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to a fine not exceeding 100 penalty units, or both. 

23. Wrongfully procuring registration – 

Every person who –

(a) makes or causes to be made any false entry in the register; or 

(b) procures or attempts to procure registration under this Act for that person or any other person by making any false or fraudulent representation or declaration; or 

(c) furnishes any false information or forged document in support of an application for registration under this Act -

commits an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years or to a fine not exceeding 100 penalty units, or both. 

PART VIII
MISCELLANEOUS

24. No action may lie against the Council etc.-

(1) The Registrar, the Ministry, any member of the Council and the Secretary shall not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person arising from any act or omission done in relation to the registration and discipline of dental practitioners and allied dental professionals under this Act. 

(2) The responsibility for establishing a right to be registered under this Act and for verifying all information provided in support of an application for registration shall lie with the applicant. 

25. Fees - The Council may from time to time determine – 

(a) the types of fees to be paid under this Act; and 

(b) the amount of such fees. 

26. Regulations-

(1) The Head of State, acting on the advice of Cabinet, may from time to time make all such regulations as are necessary or expedient for giving full effect to the provisions of this Act. 

(2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), regulations made under this section may – 

(a) prescribe the forms of applications, certificates and other documents required under this Act, and the manner in which notices may be served, and the times when they shall be deemed to have been served; 

(b) prescribe the fees payable in respect of education, examination and registration under this Act, in respect of any alteration of or addition to any register kept under this Act, and in respect of any other matter under this Act; and 

(c) prescribing fines not exceeding 100 penalty units for the breach of any regulation. 

27. Repeal - The Dental Practitioners Act 1975 is repealed. 

28. Transitional and savings provisions-

(1) The registration of all dental practitioners under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975 shall continue to have full force and effect as if the registration was made under this Act. 

(2) All practising certificates issued under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975 shall continue to have full force and effect until the 31st December next following the commencement of this Act. 

(3) All determinations of the Dental Council made under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975, and all disciplinary proceedings and criminal proceedings being undertaken by or on behalf of the Dental Council or arising out of or under the Dental Practitioners Act 1975 as at the commencement of this Act shall be deemed to have been made and taken under this Act. 

(4) Any reference in law (other than this Act) to the Dental Practitioners Act 1975 shall be taken as a reference to this Act except where the context otherwise requires. 

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The Dental Practitioners Act 2007 is administered by the Ministry of Health
Printed by the Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, by authority of the Legislative Assembly.